4 July 2023
Today, the ECJ ruled on important questions regarding the interpretation of the GDPR in a preliminary ruling procedure concerning the data collection and processing of Meta for its social network Facebook. The decision contains important statements on the relationship between competition law and data protection law and thus on the competences of competition and data protection authorities and their duty to cooperate.
The starting point of the proceedings before the ECJ was a decision by the German Federal Cartel Office, according to which Meta's terms for the use of Facebook infringed the German prohibition of the abuse of a dominant market position. The German Federal Cartel Office had based its decision on the fact that Facebook's terms violated the GDPR because the use of Facebook required that Meta was allowed to collect and process user data from various sources and that there was no effective consent from users to do so. This infringement of the GDPR constituted an abuse of Meta's dominant position. The German Federal Cartel Office's decision was criticised by some commentators. One objection was that competition authorities should not base violations of competition law on infringements of the GDPR. Competition law was not a general instrument for solving data protection problems.
The ECJ has now ruled in favour of the German Federal Cartel Office's view. Here are the most important statements of the judgment in this context (para. 36 et seqq.):
The ECJ has encouraged the competition authorities to take data protection considerations into account in their assessments under competition law. And other areas, e.g. regulations on consumer protection, seem to be covered by the ECJ decision as well. It would be good if the competition authorities will nevertheless continue to base their decisions primarily on competition considerations, because competition law should not become an instrument for enforcing non-competitive goals.
In the interest of a coherent application of the GDPR, the ECJ rightly emphasises the information and cooperation obligations of the competition and data protection authorities. It is telling in this respect that the proceedings now continue before the specialised Cartel Senate of the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf, which now has to decide on detailed questions of the interpretation of the GDPR.